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In the present work, mass transfer under segregation conditions in fluidized beds was measured in two cold-model reactors with different shapes. Silica gel particles, representing biomass char, were used as active particles to absorb water from the fluidizing agent (humidified air), while bronze powder served as the inert bed material. The amount of active particles in the bed was 1–2wt.%. In both...
Colorless distributed combustion (CDC) is a novel method for efficient and environmentally benign cleaner energy conversion of fossil and biofuels. CDC has been investigated in different configurations and geometries, with support to seek near zero emissions, uniform thermal field, energy savings, low pressure drop, and reduced combustion noise. In this paper, distributed combustion is investigated...
The oxy-fuel combustion of swine manure has been evaluated by thermogravimetric-mass spectrometric analysis. Manure samples showed a two-stage decomposition profile. The first stage is related to devolatilization of the sample and the second stage involved oxidation of the char formed in situ. Replacement of the inert carrier gas by CO2 did not seem to affect the first stage. However, this change...
Experiments of ignition delay times on 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene were performed behind reflected shock waves at pressure ranging from 2atm to 10atm, at equivalence ratios from 0.5 to 2.0, and with fuel concentrations of 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%. All ignition delay times follow the Arrhenius rule, and discussions on the effect of pressure, temperature, equivalence ratio and fuel concentration on ignition...
The ability to in situ upgrade pyrolysis biofuels, together with the production of a value-added byproduct from the solid biomass residue, would reduce the economic and environmental costs of the integrated biorefinery. In the present work, biomass samples (mango pits and pineapple plants) were immersed in Fuller’s Earth (bentonite clay) suspensions. Pyrolysis at low temperatures (290–350°C) showed...
Optimization and kinetic modeling of biodiesel production from non-edible Madhuca indica oil were investigated in this study. Type of catalyst, catalyst concentration, methanol amount, and reaction temperature were optimized by the univariate method. KOH was found as a better catalyst for conversion of mahua oil to biodiesel. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to determine the optimal...
Solid wastes or extracts directly obtained from brown coals by a single hydrothermal treatment were found to be composed of a series of novel coal organic microspheres (COM). Treatment using a flow of water at 350°C and 20MPa for 90min produced COM from three brown coals with carbon yields above 29% and diameters ranging of 0.2–3.8μm. The spherical morphology of COM changes slightly with different...
The characteristics of flamelets in coal flames stabilized in a laminar counterflow are numerically investigated with detailed chemistry. The behaviors of coal flamelet are compared with those of the gas flamelet. In addition, the effects of strain rate, coal particle mass flow rate and coal particle size on the behaviors of coal flamelet are studied in both the physical space and the mixture fraction...
Glycerol is available in high volumes and at low costs as a byproduct of bio-diesel production. While combustion characteristics are poor, it is appealing to investigate potential reforming processes to recover its hydrogen and carbon in the form of synthesis gas, i.e. a combustible mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and other small hydrocarbon species. This study pursues a non-catalytic...
The constant increase in the use of biomass fuels has raised prices of the most common commercial products and consequently seeking for new alternative biomass resources for thermal conversion, like some industrial and agricultural wastes, becomes an interesting issue. To this aim, thirteen alternative raw biomass samples were analyzed and compared with briquette, wood pellets, and charcoal. Their...
A novel wet flue gas desulfurization method based on the Bunsen reaction of sulfur-iodine (SI) thermochemical cycle was investigated in this paper. I2 and HI absorption system was utilized to remove SO2 from simulated coal-fired flue gas. The SO2 removal efficiency was about 98.8% when the I2 concentration was 25.6mmol/L. The influences of reaction temperature, initial SO2 concentration and the other...
The In-Situ Upgrading (ISU) of heavy oil and oil shale is investigated. We develop a mathematical model for the process and identify the full set of dimensionless numbers describing the model. We demonstrate that for a model with nf fluid components (gas and oil), ns solid components and k chemical reactions, the model was represented by 9+k×(3+nf+ns-2)+8nf+2ns dimensionless numbers. We calculated...
Co-firing of biomass and coal and biomass reduces the emission of pollutants and the overall effects have been extensively studied, but many aspects of the detailed mechanism remain uncertain. A number of studies have been previously made by us of emissions from the combustion in a fixed-bed furnace of bituminous coal and wood, both individually and together, and it was observed that biomass produced...
Biodiesel production using residual oil from palm oil mill effluent (POME) and crude lipase from oil palm fruit as the substrate and catalyst had a high biodiesel yield (92.07±1.04%) under optimal conditions. POME is considered as an alternative source for oil because it contained high oil and grease content (5569.82mg/L). Oil was extracted from POME by the soxhlet method using a mixture of hexane,...
The contribution of radiation to heat transfer in a packed bed of coal during its thermal decomposition in a coke oven chamber has been investigated. The phenomenon was analysed while considering the structure change that the coal experiences. The study focused on the increased role of radiation in the processing stage following coal re-solidification. This is when the macrocracks begin to propagate...
Long-term pore pressure depletion significantly alters reservoir stresses, which are known to have a substantial impact on permeability in fractured reservoirs. Increased effective stresses resulting from depletion often induce a decrease in permeability. The opposite has been observed in some reservoirs with an organic rock matrix that exhibits strong sorption-mechanical coupling. With depletion,...
Mixed oxides of Mn-Fe have been identified as suitable materials for Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) with solid fuels both via in-situ Gasification Chemical Looping Combustion (iG-CLC) and Chemical Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) processes. These materials show the property of react with gaseous fuels as well as release oxygen under given conditions, while cheap metals are used. In addition,...
The total emissions (EICO, EINOx, EINO2 and NO2/NOx ratio) of laminar premixed biogas-hydrogen impinging flame were obtained experimentally while a computational model was developed to calculate the impinging flame. The NO amount produced via different routes (thermal, prompt, NNH and N2O routes) were isolated and calculated in the simulation. The effects of separated distance and equivalence ratio...
3D measurements of burning coal particles in the flame are challenging and of great interest. Digital inline holography is applied to perform 3D measurement of coal particle size and 3D position in a laboratory-scale pulverized coal flame. Pulsed laser beam illumination is used to record the coal particle hologram with clear holographic fringes in the presence of high refractive index gradient and...
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